Apprendre
Un caractère est remplacé par un caractère différent.
Substitution errors occur when one character is incorrectly replaced with another. This often happens with visually similar characters (0 vs O, 1 vs l, 5 vs S) or adjacent keyboard keys. The string length stays the same, but one character is wrong. These errors are common in manual data entry.
Original: ABCD → Error: ABXD (C replaced with X)
- 12345 → 12845 (3 replaced with 8)
- JOHNSON → JOHNS0N (O replaced with zero)
- AB-1234 → AB-1284 (3 replaced with 8)
Comment le reconnaître
- One character is different, all others match
- Length remains the same
- Often involves similar-looking characters
Erreurs fréquentes
- Confusing substitution with transposition
- Missing errors with visually similar characters (0/O, 1/l/I)
- Not comparing character by character
Résolution étape par étape
Trouvez l'erreur : Original 'JOHNSON' vs Donné 'JOHNS0N'
- Comparer position 1 : 'J' = 'J'
- Comparer position 2 : 'O' = 'O'
- Comparer position 3 : 'H' = 'H'
- Comparer position 4 : 'N' = 'N'
- Comparer position 5 : 'S' = 'S'
- Comparer position 6 : 'O' vs '0' - différence trouvée
- Comparer position 7 : 'N' = 'N'
- La lettre 'O' a été remplacée par le chiffre '0' (zéro)
Réponse: Erreur de substitution : lettre 'O' remplacée par chiffre '0' à la position 6